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diego The premature obituary of Alfred Nobel that changed his legacy
diego Alfred Nobel drafted a secret last will on scrap paper
diego Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
diego Dodge explosive mishaps to discover how Alfred Nobel turned his biggest regrets into global prizes.
diego Fierce legal battles delayed the creation of the Nobel Prizes.
diego Alfred Nobel's Obituary
Read his own death, rewrote his last will, made the Nobel Prize!
diego Alfred Nobel bypassed lawyers to write a secret will that shocked his family and the world.
Premature obituary: A French newspaper mistakenly published Alfred Nobel's obituary eight years before he died, calling him a merchant of death.
diego A newspaper's mistake gave Alfred Nobel a terrifying preview of how the world would remember him.
A notice of a death, especially in a newspaper, typically including a brief biography of the deceased. In 1888, a French newspaper's premature obituary of Alfred Nobel inspired him to create the Nobel Prizes.
In what year were the very first Nobel Prizes awarded?
If you inherited a massive fortune, what would you fund?
On what specific date are the Nobel Prizes awarded each year to mark Alfred's death?
Which relative's death in 1888 led to the mistaken obituary of Alfred Nobel?
In what year did Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel patent dynamite?
What percentage of his fortune did Alfred Nobel leave to fund the prizes?
What did the French newspaper headline call Alfred Nobel in his premature obituary?
Which original Nobel Prize category was NOT mentioned in Alfred Nobel's 1895 will?
In which city did Alfred Nobel sign his famous final will in 1895?
diego The molecular mechanics of a channelrhodopsin light gate.
diego Optogenetics uses light to control the electrical impulses of brain cells.
diego A midnight email sparked Karl Deisseroth and Ed Boyden's brain-control experiment.
diego The single-celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii navigates using a light-sensitive eye.
diego Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Green pond algae has a light-switch key, shining blue beams to make the brain fire away!
diego Zap pond scum with light to discover how algae proteins help scientists control brain cells.
diego Neurons communicate using electrical impulses, which are naturally triggered by chemical signals.
Algae eyes: Pond algae use the exact same light-sensing chemical, retinal, that human eyes use to see.
diego Light-gated ion channels are microscopic molecular doors that open only when hit by specific light colors.
A light-gated ion channel protein that serves as a sensory photoreceptor in unicellular green algae. In 2004, Ed Boyden at Stanford first used this algal protein to control mammalian neurons with light.
How fast does channelrhodopsin open its channel once hit by the correct light wavelength?
Would you let scientists install a safe brain light-switch?
In what year did researchers first successfully express channelrhodopsin in mammalian neurons?
Who was the German biophysicist who co-discovered channelrhodopsin in green algae?
Which organism provided the first light-sensitive channelrhodopsin protein used in optogenetics?
What biological structure do ion channels span to control the flow of charged particles?
What specific color of light triggers the opening of channelrhodopsin-1 and -2?
What is the primary chemical used by both human eyes and algal light-gates to sense light?
Which charged particles enter the cell through channelrhodopsin to trigger a nerve impulse?
diego Ayrton Senna
Down to just sixth gear, he raced through the rain to win it all!
diego Dodge track obstacles to learn how Ayrton Senna mastered racing in the rain.
diego Ayrton Senna's legendary wet-weather race at the Monaco Grand Prix
diego Moving to England in 1981, Senna dominated the Formula Ford championships to prove his talent.
Karting beginnings: Ayrton Senna raced under his mother's maiden name, Senna, instead of his father's name, da Silva, to keep his racing identity distinct.
diego A crushing defeat in a childhood rain race forced Senna to practice exclusively in wet weather.
A small, low-slung, open-wheeled motorized vehicle used for racing or recreation. Ayrton Senna received his first go-kart at age four from his father, Milton, in Brazil.
At what age did Ayrton Senna compete in his first official go-kart race?
Which British junior racing championship did Ayrton Senna win in 1983 before entering Formula 1?
In which country did Ayrton Senna live and race to climb the single-seater ladder in the early 1980s?
In what year was Ayrton Senna born in São Paulo, Brazil?
What was Ayrton Senna's father's name, who built his very first one-horsepower go-kart?
Which surname did Ayrton Senna use on his early racing registration to distinguish himself?
For which underdog Formula 1 team did Ayrton Senna drive during his stunning 1984 Monaco Grand Prix debut?
What specific track condition did Ayrton Senna obsessively practice on after a disappointing childhood defeat?
diego La historia comercial del famoso diseño del smiley en Europa.
diego Harvey Ball y el origen del Día Mundial de la Sonrisa
diego El diseño de la carita feliz amarilla por Harvey Ball
diego El origen del smiley
¡Solo diez minutos y un trazo amarillo para hacer sonreír a todo el mundo!
diego Une acciones amables para descubrir cómo se contagia una sonrisa en tu comunidad.
diego El origen de la carita feliz y su transformación en emoji